Access to Justice and Electoral Integrity The article focuses on the three international judicial policy regimes. The courts of these regimes act supremacist over the states. These courts meet three requirements: 1) the court interpreter is the highest authority in the matter; 2) the jurisdiction of the court is mandatory; and 3) it is virtually impossible for countries to reverse the decisions of these courts. In addition to the power of the courts, it discusses how judges have used their powers and a “majority activism” to generate laws reflecting standard practices and consensuses. Manuel Iturralde, “Democracies without Citizenship: Crime and Punishment in Latin America”, New Criminal Law Review: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal, Vol. 13, No. 2 (Spring 2010), pp. 309-332 The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how, despite the efforts of political and economic reforms, social and economic exclusion and authoritarianism are still the key features of Latin America. For this reason, they may be considered as stateless democracies. The author questions the effectiveness in the use of force, as Latin American state security agencies traditionally have been responsible for human rights violations and an excessive use of force. The lack of credibility of law and the justice system are crucial factors to partially explain the contested legitimacy of Latin America and the assimilation of democracy in the region. The article can be useful in order to understand security and judicial issues within the region, as a fundamental factor for designing public policy for the defence of human rights. Finally, the author underlines the necessity in Latin America to create mechanisms for granting full citizenship to the whole of the population and implementing criminal policies 36