Finally, FECA violations that result in false information being provided to the FEC may present violations of 18 U.S.C. § 371 (conspiracy to disrupt and impede a federal agency), 18 U.S.C. § 1001 (false statements within the jurisdiction of a federal agency), 18 U.S.C. § 1505 (obstruction of agency proceedings), or 18 U.S.C. § 1519 (creation of false records in relation to or contemplation of federal matters). 4. Civil Rights Crimes Schemes to deprive minorities of the right to vote are federal crimes under the Voting Rights Act of 1965, as amended. 52 U.S.C. § 10308. Discrimination based on a potential voter’s race, or on ethnic factors or minority language, may also be redressed under such criminal statutes as 18 U.S.C. §§ 241 and 242. These prosecutions are handled by Criminal Section of the Civil Rights Division. In addition to civil rights crimes, federal law provides non-criminal remedies for any conduct that diminishes an individual’s voting rights based on racial, ethnic, or language minority factors. These civil remedies are incorporated within the Voting Rights Act of 1965, as amended, and other civil rights laws, and they are enforced by the Voting Section of the Civil Rights Division. FEDERAL JURISDICTION The federal government asserts jurisdiction over an election offense to ensure that basic rights of United States citizenship, and a fundamental process of representative democracy, remain uncorrupted. Election crime cases tend to be long-term projects focusing on individuals with different degrees of culpability. The ultimate 5