Tables
1.1.
1.2.
4.1.
4.2.
6.1.
7.1.
Some critical rulings by electoral justice systems ...................... 2
The contents and organization of this Handbook ........................ 7
The EDR system . ............................................................................. 38
Forms of conduct that different legal systems define as
electoral offences ............................................................................ 45
Advantages and disadvantages of the different types of
electoral justice systems ................................................................ 133
Time limits for filing challenges to legislative election results:
some examples................................................................................. 162
Figures
1.1. Important factors for an electoral justice system . ......................
2.1. The elements of electoral justice ..................................................
2.2. Examples of international human rights instruments that
establish electoral rights ................................................................
2.3. The principal electoral rights .........................................................
2.4. The electoral cycle ..........................................................................
Boxes
2.1.
2.2.
3.1.
3.2.
3.3.
3.4.
4.1.
4.2.
4.3.
4.4.
XII
International obligations for electoral dispute resolution
(Avery Davis-Roberts) . ...................................................................
Types of bodies in charge of protecting electoral rights ............
Familiarization with electoral processes in Bhutan
(Deki Pema) ......................................................................................
Burkina Faso: party control over the electoral process and its
supervision (Augustin Loada) . ......................................................
The Code of Ethics of the Judicial Branch of the Federation
of Mexico . ........................................................................................
The Code of Conduct for commissioners and staff of the
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Electoral Complaints
Commission (ECC) ..........................................................................
Types of electoral challenges . .......................................................
The regulation of electoral offences .............................................
The effectiveness of financial sanctions may differ depending
on the context ..................................................................................
Learning from experience: evolution of the EDR system in
Bhutan (Deki Pema) ........................................................................
4
10
13
14
18
15
17
26
28
31
32
40
44
50
51