8 Official Gazette – Issue No. 8 bis (a) May 26, 2013 Fourth: article (10) of the draft law stipulates that "HEC shall, in addition to the powers contained herein, have competence to: First: ………………. Fifth: lay down the rules regulating the engagement of International organizations, as well as Egyptian and international civil society organizations in observing all electoral processes." As for the terms stated in such text with relevance to international organizations as well as Egyptian and international civil society organizations, no clear definition was set out for such terms. Instead, such terms are so wide and general that they can include a large group of non-governmental and non-profit organizations which contribute to public life and express the interests and values of their members, according to moral, cultural, political, scientific, religious, or charity considerations. Such entities include, for example, political parties, trade unions, and NGOs. Hence, a definite and exact criterion must be set in order not to prohibit unauthorized organizations from attendance. Also, there must be a maximum ceiling for the number of members representing such organizations in each election committee in order to avoid large numbers of representatives hindering or disturbing work of such committees in a way breaching the constitutional guarantees for the right to nominate and the right to vote. Also, only the organizations authorized by the HEC shall be allowed to participate in the work of the stated committees. Fifth: clause 6 of the same article 10 stipulates that "HEC shall undertake setting the rules governing electoral campaigning, considering the ban of campaigning activities based on distinction as to religion, gender or origin ". The preparations of the presented draft law revealed clearly the exclusion of banning the use of religious slogans in electoral campaigning, since it was mentioned in the proposed text presented by the government. Based on the above and whereas article (6) of the constitution sets the state's political system on citizenship which ensures that all citizens are equal in public rights and duties and respects human rights and freedoms; for preserving national unity which is emphasized in article (5) of the constitution and protected by principles 5 and 7 of the constitution preamble. Whereas the use of the religious or doctrinal slogan leads in itself to division among citizens with respect to religion or doctrine, since the followers of each religion will use the slogan that glorifies their religion, which violates the essence of citizenship principle basically and adds a new reason for spreading and deepening disunity and dissension among citizens. Whereas the organization of the electoral process shall not be possible unless it is reasonable, - it’s not reasonable, unless it is neutral in its content -and whereas the presented text omits banning the use of religious or doctrinal slogans, symbols or performing religious or doctrinal activities in campaigning, it undermines the national unity and contradicts the citizenship concept and infringes the right to election, candidacy and exercise of political rights, and refrains the voter from determining his/her opinion of candidates and comparing among them with respect to their electoral platforms. Furthermore, it infringes the principles of equal opportunities and equality among the candidates themselves. Accordingly, the text referred thereto violates articles (5), (6), (9), (33) and (55) of the constitution. The same defect applies to the beginning of article (61) of the presented draft law.