Election Judgments - IFES

in elections, particularly where the internet is concerned. 16 In Nikula v Finland, the court noted the special status of lawyers as intermediaries between the

Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein,

al., supra note 101, at 111. 372 See, e.g., Vilho Eskelinen v. Finland, App. No. 63235/00 Eur. Ct. H.R. 57, 62 (2007). The Court finds

JUNE 1998 26 and, among other authorities, mutatis mutandis, the Helle v. Finland judgment of 19 December 1997, Reports 1997-VIII, p. 2926, § 46). 73. In

the United Kingdom (dec.), no. 62002/00, ECHR 2002-VIII; Sallinen and Others v. Finland, no. 50882/99, §§ 70-72, 27 September 2005; Wieser and Bicos Beteiligungen

United Kingdom [GC], no. 24888/94, § 71, ECHR 1999-IX, and the Raninen v. Finland judgment of 16 December 1997, Reports 1997-VIII, pp. 2821-22, § 55), but

observations on the admissibility of the application (see K. and T. v. Finland [GC], no. 25702/94, § 145, ECHR 2001-VII, and N.C. v. Italy [GC], no.

of technology in Kenya; electronic voting machines (EVMs) in India, Germany, and Finland; e-voting in Estonia and Austria; and cybersecurity in the Philippines, all

judicial administration”. 12 Communication No. 387/1989, Arvo O. Karttunen v. Finland (Views adopted on 23 October 1992), in UN doc. GAOR, A/48/40 (vol

Romania [GC], no. 33348/96, § 66, ECHR 2004-XI, and K. and T. v. Finland [GC], no. 25702/94, §§ 140-41, ECHR 2001-VII). 72. The “case” referred to

conduct. 42. In two of the member States surveyed (the Czech Republic and Finland), the freedom of voters to publish information on their own electoral decisions

Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg

COMPÉTENCE DU COMITÉ DES DROITS DE L'HOMME EN VERTU DE L'ARTICLE 41 FINLAND FINLANDE "Finland declares, under Article 41 of the International Covenant on Civil and

org/odihr/elections/turkey/219201. 50 Id. 51 ID. 52 Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Slovenia, Spain and the United Kingdom. 53

and is called the Council of State (Consejo de Estado). Another example is Finland, through the Supreme Administrative Court (Korkein Hallinto-Oikeus) on appeal from