Cite as: 594 U. S. ____ (2021)
29
Opinion of the Court
compliance with the requirement that Arizonans who
choose to vote in-person on election day do so at their assigned polling places. And as the District Court recognized,
precinct-based voting furthers important state interests. It
helps to distribute voters more evenly among polling places
and thus reduces wait times. It can put polling places closer
to voter residences than would a more centralized votingcenter model. In addition, precinct-based voting helps to
ensure that each voter receives a ballot that lists only the
candidates and public questions on which he or she can
vote, and this orderly administration tends to decrease
voter confusion and increase voter confidence in elections.
See 329 F. Supp. 3d, at 878. It is also significant that
precinct-based voting has a long pedigree in the United
States. See 948 F. 3d, at 1062–1063 (Bybee, J., dissenting)
(citing J. Harris, Election Administration in the United
States 206–207 (1934)). And the policy of not counting
out-of-precinct ballots is widespread. See 948 F. 3d, at
1072–1088 (collecting and categorizing state laws).
The Court of Appeals discounted the State’s interests
because, in its view, there was no evidence that a less restrictive alternative would threaten the integrity of precinctbased voting. The court thought the State had no good reason for not counting an out-of-precinct voter’s choices with
respect to the candidates and issues also on the ballot in the
voter’s proper precinct. See id., at 1030–1031. We disagree
with this reasoning.
Section 2 does not require a State to show that its chosen
policy is absolutely necessary or that a less restrictive
means would not adequately serve the State’s objectives.
And the Court of Appeals’ preferred alternative would have
obvious disadvantages. Partially counting out-of-precinct
ballots would complicate the process of tabulation and could
lead to disputes and delay. In addition, as one of the en
banc dissenters noted, it would tend to encourage voters
who are primarily interested in only national or state-wide
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