PREFACE This eighth edition of Federal Prosecution of Election Offenses builds on the original work of Craig C. Donsanto, Nancy N. Simmons, and others, in all of the prior editions. This edition updates their work with developments in the law of election offenses since the last edition in 2007. Trial Attorneys Amanda R. Vaughn and Simon J. Cataldo of the Public Integrity Section have contributed substantially to this edition. Among other things, this edition accounts for important changes in the law regarding independent expenditures and honest services fraud, reflecting the Supreme Court’s holdings in Citizens United v. Fed. Election Comm’n, 558 U.S. 310 (2010), and Skilling v. United States, 561 U.S. 358 (2010). On a practical level, the statutory references and appendix have been updated to account for the recodification of many election crimes into Title 52 of the United States Code. This edition also streamlines discussion of the history of amendments to the Federal Election Campaign Act given the passage of time since the most recent actions by Congress. This monograph provides only internal Department of Justice guidance. It is not intended to, does not, and may not be relied upon to create any rights, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law by any party in any matter civil or criminal. Nor are any limitations placed on otherwise lawful litigative prerogatives of the Department of Justice. Richard C. Pilger Director, Election Crimes Branch Public Integrity Section, Criminal Division December 2017 xii