in Cambodia, 188-9 in Congo, Democratic Republic of, 185 in Ethiopia, 188 in Indonesia, 185, 187-8 in Lesotho, 188-9 in Kenya, 184, 192 in Malawi, 185, 188 in Mozambique, 185 in post-conflict countries, 185 in South Africa, 184, 188-9, 192 in Timor-Leste, 78 in United States, 184 in US states, 184 in Zimbabwe, 184, 192 mechanisms of (see alternative dispute resolution (ADR)) American Convention on Human Rights (1969), 2, 13, 15, 17, 143 American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man (1948), 13 Annan, Kofi, 192 annulment, 1-2, 10-1, 20, 37-41, 59, 73, 84, 137, 140, 164, 205 definition of, 196 entire vote, of, 2, 169, 174, 178-80 evidence required for, 126-7 grounds for, 176-7 polling station irregularities, after, 170-1, 174-9, 196 presidential elections, of, 2 senate elections, of, 2, 164, 178-9 single ballot, of, 174, 196 referendum, of, 129 arbitration and AEDR, 183-7, 189 binding voluntary, 196 definition of, 195-6 mandatory non-binding, 196 Argentina constitutional reform (1994) in, 103 EDRB in, 107, 111 EDRS in, 65-7, 86, 107, 111 elections in, 17, 153 Electoral Board (Junta Electoral Nacional), 67 222 electoral results challenges in, 66-7, 161, 164 Luis Patti case, 67 political trials in, 67, 107, 111 prior judicial review in, 65, 86, 141 Armenia democratic transition in, 72 EDR in, 90 EDRS in, 72 electoral results challenges in, 162 quotas in, 153 Australia electoral results challenges in, 162 EDRS in, 69, 131 Austria constitution of (1920), 70 EDRS in, 70 Azerbaijan electoral results challenge in, 162, 178 EMB in, 178 B Baker v. Carr (US Supreme Court), 151 Bangladesh EDRS in, 177 electoral results challenges in, 164 Belgium EDRS in, 66 prior judicial review in, 65 Bhutan EDRS in, 26, 51-4 electoral process development in, 26, 120-1 Learning from Experience Programme (2008), 51-4, 120-1, 208 Bolivia EDRB in, 93, 166 electoral results challenges in, 74, 86, 162, 179 judicial review in, 86 recounts in, 174 Bosnia and Herzegovina Central Election Commission (CEC), 97 EDRB in, 97