breach of the law, however grave, is not by itself sufficient to invalidate an election, where it is not shown that the breach negated the voters’ intent. [122] Counsel for LSK argued that the application of Section 83 is limited in content and scope and only applies where the validity of an election is restricted to irregularities. He thus sought to distinguish between an illegality and an irregularity by contending that the former constitutes a violation of the Constitution or a substantive statutory or common law provision. Accordingly, it was urged that Section 83 has no application where there is a violation of the Constitution or a substantive provision of election laws and Regulations. That it was only applicable where the validity of an election does not concern a violation of the Constitution or substantive statutory provision, but is applicable where there are minor irregularities which do not affect the overall outcome of the election. Counsel urged that giving the provision a different meaning leads to an absurdity that it is acceptable to violate the Constitution or substantive statutory law provided that it cannot be established how those violations affected the results. [123] Further, it was submitted on behalf of the Society that the repealed Constitution did not have the equivalent of Articles 81 and 86 of the Constitution 2010 and therefore any interpretation of Section 83 cannot make sense in that context because the said Section was enacted before 2010. That fact alone would mean that the regulation of what the nature and quality of election was, should be left to statute without any reference to the Constitution. However, the Society urged that in constitutionalizing what constitutes a free and fair election, the 2010 Constitution created minimum and non-negotiable thresholds which the process and substance Presidential  Petition  No.  1  of  2017                                                                                                                                                                                                            49  |  P a g e    

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