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39 Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 dan tidak mempunyai kekuatan hukum mengikat sepanjang tidak dimaknai “berupa nomor urut, foto/gambar, suara, gabungan foto/gambar dan suara terbaru Pasangan Calon, calon anggota DPR, DPD, DPRD Provinsi, DPRD Kabupaten/Kota tanpa manipulasi digital dan/atau teknologi Artificial Inteligence (AI), atau setidak-tidaknya mewajibkan peserta pemilu mencantumkan keterangan yang dapat dibaca dengan jelas bahwa nomor urut, foto/gambar, suara, gabungan foto/gambar dan suara yang dipergunakan merupakan hasil manipulasi digital dan/atau teknologi Artificial Intelligence (AI)”, sehingga Ketentuan Pasal 1 angka 35 menjadi berbunyi: Kampanye Pemilu adalah kegiatan Peserta Pemilu atau pihak lain yang ditunjuk oleh Peserta Pemilu untuk meyakinkan Pemilih dengan menawarkan visi, misi, program dan/atau citra diri Peserta Pemilu berupa nomor urut, foto/gambar, suara, gabungan foto/gambar dan suara terbaru Pasangan Calon, calon anggota DPR, DPD, DPRD Provinsi, DPRD Kabupaten/Kota tanpa manipulasi digital dan/atau teknologi Artificial Inteligence (AI), atau setidak-tidaknya mewajibkan peserta pemilu mencantumkan keterangan yang dapat dibaca dengan jelas bahwa nomor urut, foto/gambar, suara, gabungan foto/gambar dan suara yang dipergunakan merupakan hasil manipulasi digital dan/atau teknologi Artificial Intelligence (AI). 3. Menyatakan Ketentuan Pasal 274 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 tentang Pemilihan Umum (LNRI Tahun 2017 Nomor 182, TLN RI Nomor 6109) bertentangan dengan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 dan tidak mempunyai kekuatan hukum mengikat sepanjang tidak dimaknai termasuk pula “Citra Diri Peserta Pemilu berupa nomor urut, foto/gambar, suara, gabungan foto/gambar dan suara terbaru Pasangan Calon, calon anggota DPR, DPD, DPRD Provinsi, DPRD Kabupaten/Kota tanpa manipulasi digital dan/atau teknologi Artificial Inteligence (AI), atau setidak-tidaknya mewajibkan peserta pemilu mencantumkan keterangan yang dapat dibaca dengan jelas bahwa nomor urut, foto/gambar, suara, gabungan foto/gambar dan suara yang dipergunakan merupakan hasil manipulasi digital dan/atau teknologi Artificial Intelligence (AI)”, sehingga Ketentuan Pasal 274 ayat (1) menjadi berbunyi: Materi kampanye meliputi: a.visi, misi, dan program Pasangan Calon untuk

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Gugum Ridho Putra v. Indonesia

Judgment

Question Presented: Can Indonesian political candidates alter their "self-image" by posting and utilizing pictures and videos to substantively polish or change their political image? Does the Indonesian voter have a right to truthful information about candidates that is violated by excessive "self-image" manipulation done through AI technology?

Alleged Acts: The petitioner alleges that excessive AI usage of candidate's pictures and videos violate the basic voter right to participate in a free, honest, and fair election.

Procedural history: Petitioner Putra filed this case within the Constitutional Court, who heard the case directly.

Summary: The Petitioner brought this case to the Constitutional Court to resolve the question of whether it is constitutional and legal for candidates to heavily edit their images and online image with artificial intelligence. The Constitutional Court relied heavily upon the 2017 Law No. 7 concerning General Elections. Article 1 of this law defines self-image as the public image a candidate uses to present themselves through photographs, images, and other campaign materials. Petitioner Putra argues that when candidates utilize artificial intelligence to heavily modify their photographs and their general image, they create false information and fabricated versions of the candidates which could deceive and mislead voters. This deception carried out through artificial intelligence is alleged to be a violation of the Indonesian voters’ right to a free, fair, and truthful election.

Conclusion: The court partially ruled for the petitioner. The Constitutional Court recognized that the concept of a free and honest election promised in the Constitution is not a static concept and changes as technology evolves. As such, this court ruled that the idea of “self-image” includes photographs and images utilized by political candidates. Therefore, the Constitutional Court ruled that those candidate photos must be current, truthful, and not excessively manipulated or edited by artificial intelligence. Candidate actions to the contrary are explicitly listed as unconstitutional.

Legal Issue(s)

Elections as a Fundamental Right
Electoral Integrity
Technology
Voters' Rights

Applicable Law(s): Constitution of Indonesia; Law No. 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections

Region: Asia-Pacific

Country: Indonesia

Language of Decision

Indonesian

Court: Constitutional Court

Election Type: General

Date of decision: Jan 2, 2025

Geolocation

Latitude: -6.173541903036461

Longitude: 106.82227313518526

: Geolocation

Link: Indonesia Constitutional Court Ruling

Primary Documents

Putra_v_Indonesia.pdf
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Election Judgments - IFES

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Gugum Ridho Putra v. Indonesia

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