Contents Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... 6 Foreword .....................................................................................................................................................7 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 8 Overview .............................................................................................................................................8 Organization of this report ............................................................................................... 2. About the Electoral Justice Database ............................................................... 9 10 Why an Electoral Justice Database? ....................................................................... 10 The structure of the Electoral Justice Database .......................................... 12 What types of data can users find in the database? ................................. 14 Sources for the data .............................................................................................................. 14 What types of data are covered in this report? Updates to the database ............................................ 15 ................................................................................................... 15 3. Challenges related to election results ............................................................... 16 4. Challenges related to the nomination and registration of electoral contestants ........................................................................................................... 30 5. Challenges related to campaign financing 6. Election-related criminal offences .................................................. 42 ....................................................................... 48 7. Conclusions ................................................................................................................................. 54 Appendix A. Questions covered in the Electoral Justice Database .................................................................................................... 56 Appendix B. Glossary of electoral justice terminology References ......................... 58 ............................................................................................................................................. 66 About International IDEA .................................................................................................. 3 67