Access to Justice and Electoral Integrity availability, accessibility, good quality, the provision of remedies for victims and the accountability of justice systems.”28 The right of stakeholders to access electoral justice mechanisms, under equal conditions, regardless of the timing and type of alleged grievance filed, must be provided by law. For instance, the centralization of courts in the capitals and principal cities, and the money and time required access them, can impede access to justice. Accessibility is a key element for the rule of law and access to justice. The right to an effective remedy is protected from various angles by different ICCPR articles, and includes the opportunity for all interested parties to respond and to provide evidence. ICCPR article 2.3 expressly requires that legal frameworks establish a competent judicial, administrative or legislative body to hear alleged violations of all ICCPR-related rights. Establishing functioning remedies well in advance of an electoral process plays an important preventive and deterrent role. The CCPR convenes parties to reflect on the possibility to adopt alternative conflict resolution mechanisms, such as arbitration, conciliation or mediation, and vest them with legal effects. That is the case of Human Rights Commissions or ombudspersons, which are particularly relevant for those who are not entitled to present complaints before other electoral dispute resolution bodies. Such measures fall under the electoral justice concept of enlarging the spectrum of remedies available to stakeholders on electoral grievances. It is important to note that these alternative mechanisms should always count on appropriate resources to achieve results.29 17