Access to Justice and Electoral Integrity According to CCPR, article 2, paragraph 3, in addition to effective protection of Covenant rights States Parties must ensure that individuals also have accessible and effective remedies to vindicate those rights.30 Security Article 9.2 of ICCPR states that “everyone has the right to liberty and security of person” while article 5 of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination establishes that the right to security of person and protection by the State against violence or bodily harm, whether inflicted by government officials or by any individual group or institution. The United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) in its article 32 requires States Parties to incorporate witness protection safeguards into their legal frameworks. Fear of reprisal can deter witnesses from testifying to the competent authorities, thereby compromising the guarantee of the right to an effective remedy. 18