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Radicado: 11001-03-28-000-2019-00090-00 (Acum.) Actor: GONZALO RAMOS ROJAS y otros Lo anterior, para destacar que la facultad del Congreso para definir las inhabilidades e incompatibilidades tendría como límite los máximos temporales y fácticos señalados por el Constituyente. Así las cosas, arribó al caso concreto para manifestar que, en criterio de la parte actora, el demandado incurre en la causal de anulación contenida en el artículo 275.5 del CPACA porque fue avalado e inscrito por el partido Centro Democrático como candidato para la Gobernación de Casanare, período 2020-2023, a pesar de ser cuñado del gobernador en ejercicio, a quien también ese partido había avalado; es decir, “…estaba incurso en la inhabilidad de la Resolución 024 de 11 de septiembre de 2017, expedida por la directora del partido Centro Democrático y, por tanto, no podía recibir el aval de dicho partido”. Afirmó que su postura es que la Resolución No. 024 de 11 de septiembre de 2017, “…no tiene el alcance de ser parte de los estatutos del partido, esto es, que se trata de una disposición interna, más no, de un precepto estatutario”. Expuso como fundamento de su conclusión que “…si bien el artículo 13 y, en general toda la regulación que lo contenía -Resolución 024 de 2017-, iba encaminada a determinar los requisitos, mecanismos y procedimientos para la selección de los candidatos en cuanto a las inhabilidades, incompatibilidades y conflictos de intereses cuando aspiran a representar a la colectividad en cargos de elección; la misma no tiene la categoría y/o naturaleza de una disposición estatutaria del partido” (Negrilla fuera de texto original). Indicó que su conclusión encuentra apoyo en las razones que tuvo la colectividad política para determinar que dicha resolución deviene “…`ineficaz´ por ser abiertamente ilegal e inconstitucional, por lo cual, fue revocada” pero, además manifestó que “…no se podía considerar parte de los estatutos, por cuanto siguiendo el principio general que `en derecho las cosas se deshacen como se hacen´, la revocatoria de esa norma hubiera implicado la aprobación de la Convención Nacional del Partido”. En este orden de ideas, determinó que la inhabilidad de la que trata la Resolución 024 de 11 de septiembre de 2017, “…no hace parte de los estatutos del partido Centro democrático, la misma no resultaba de obligatoria observancia para los candidatos inscritos por el partido centro democrático para ocupar cargos de elección popular”. Sumado a lo anterior, precisó que el segundo grado de afinidad existente entre el demandado y el gobernador del Casanare para el período 2016-2019, Josué Alirio Barrera Rodríguez “…no se sanciona con inhabilidad, según lo dispuesto en el artículo 30, numeral 5 de la Ley 617 de 2007, pues la inhabilidad es para el vínculo en el grado de primero de afinidad o único civil, con funcionarios que dentro de los doce meses anteriores a la elección hayan ejercido autoridad civil, política, administrativa o militar en el respectivo departamento”. Calle 12 No. 7-65 – Tel: (57-1) 350-6700 – Bogotá D.C. – Colombia www.consejodeestado.gov.co 15

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Ramos Rojas v. Sanabria Chacón

Judgment

Question Presented: Whether a political party’s internal rules on candidacy criteria relating to nepotism may nullify an election of one of its registered candidates if he violated the party rules but otherwise met the eligibility criteria set up in the Constitution or statutes.

Alleged Acts: The plaintiff alleges that the defendant violated intra-party laws after marrying the sister of the outgoing governor of the province where he was running for (and eventually elected) governor. The plaintiff also alleges that the defendant’s party, the Democratic Center Political Party, passed Resolution No. 024 of 2017—which contained rules against conflicts of interest—but, upon a request by Gonzalo Ramos Rojas and others to revoke the defendant’s candidacy in line with this resolution, the party improperly passed another resolution denying the request.

Procedural history: The plaintiff requested that the National Electoral Council (CNE) revoke the defendant’s registration, but the CNE denied the request. After the announcement of the election, the plaintiff filed a complaint with the Council of State to cancel the defendant’s election due to his breach of the anti-nepotism laws and the party rules on conflict of interest.

Summary: The defendant, Salomón Andrés Sanabria Chacón, won election as governor of Casanare. At the time, he was married to Cielo Barrera Rodríguez, who is the sister of Josué Alirio Barrera Rodríguez. Barrera Rodríguez was Governor of Casanare during the previous three-year term. Plaintiff argued that Resolution No. 024 of 2017 of the Statutes of the Democratic Center Political Party, to which the defendant belongs, prohibit the participation in the election of individuals who are a spouse or permanent partner or a person up to the “fourth degree of consanguinity, second degree of affinity or first civil” with a person who is occupying the elected office they are seeking. Plaintiff also cited Article 126 of the Constitution, which aims to avoid nepotism and promote equality of candidates in an election (“Los servidores públicos no podrán en ejercicio de sus funciones, nombrar, postular, ni contratar con personas con las cuales tengan parentesco hasta el cuarto grado de consanguinidad, segundo de afinidad, primero civil, o con quien estén ligados por matrimonio o unión permanente.”) (“Public servants may not, in the exercise of their functions, appoint, apply, or contract with persons with whom they are related up to the fourth degree of consanguinity, second degree of affinity, first civil, or with whom they are linked by marriage or permanent union.”) and Article 23 of the American Convention on Human Rights to suggest that the election of the defendant would violate the political rights of citizens to participate in “authentic” elections and freely express the “will of the electors.” Defendant argued that the resolution passed by his party is not valid because it “‘enshrin[es] provisions contrary to the Constitution and the laws of the Republic.’” Defendant added that the resolution cannot be considered by a judge because the resolution “does not have the character of an administrative act.” Therefore, the law that should be used to determine the validity of the defendant’s election is Article 30 of Law 617 of 2000, which prohibits only those candidates who have familial bonds by affinity to the second degree from running for governor. The Ministerio Público also requested that the Council of State deny the plaintiff’s claims, citing the same law as the basis for candidate disqualifications. In addition, it added that Article 29(3) of Law 1475 of 2011 stipulates that “no regime of disabilities and incompatibilities for popularly elected public servants shall be superior to that established for congressmen in the Constitution.” The Council of State found that the defendant did not violate the law, and although the defendant may have contravened the party resolution, the party resolution does not have legal or constitutional force. Therefore, the plaintiff does not have cause to nullify the defendant’s election as Governor of Casanare. While the resolution passed by the defendant’s party prohibits familial bonds by affinity up to the fourth degree, Colombian law only prohibits familial bonds by affinity up to the first degree. Since the defendant Sanabria Chacón was married to the sister of former Governor Josué Alirio Barrera Rodríguez, there was only second degree of affinity between the defendant and the former governor.

Conclusion: The Council of State denied the plaintiff’s claims, and the election of defendant Sanabria Chacón remained intact.

Legal Issue(s)

Candidate Registration

Applicable Law(s): Article 126 of the Constitution; Article 23 of the American Convention on Human Rights; Article 30, Paragraph 5 of Law 617 of 2000; Article 13 of Resolution No. 024 of 2017 of the Democratic Center Political Party; Article 47 of the Civil Code

Region: Americas

Country: Colombia

Language of Decision

Spanish

Court: Constitutional Court

Election Type: General

Date of decision: Dec 3, 2020

Geolocation

Latitude: 4.623650859989211

Longitude: -74.09697385354207

: Geolocation

Primary Documents

Ramos Rojas.pdf
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Ramos Rojas v. Sanabria Chacón

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